Mai i te Pukapuka Grammar
• Ka haere te tohu Oxford ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ka noho ki reira i te pō e mātakitaki ana i te pouaka whakaata, e haurangi ana, e momi hikareti ana hoki.

• I hikoia mai tētahi pae inu e te reo pāhekoheko.

• I haere mai tētahi kupu taupatupatu ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ā, tino puku te whakarongo.

• E rua ngā tohu kōrero e haere ana ki roto i tētahi "pae".

• He tangata whanoke e hikoi ana ki roto i tētahi pae inu, e rapu ana i ngā mahi tino uaua, pērā i te wuruhi e mau ana i ngā kākahu iti te utu, e hamumu ana i ngā epitaph me te maka marara ki tana wahine, e whakaaro ana he kohatu kōhatu ia.

• Ka haehae katoatia tēnei pae porangi e te whakahuahua, ā, ka whakangaromia katoatia ngā mea katoa.

• He tohu pātai e hikoi ana ki roto i te pae inu?

• Ka hikoi te manu kore-sequitur ki roto i tētahi pae inu. Ahakoa te hau kaha, ka taea e ngā tāki te rere.

• Ka tomo a Papyrus rāua ko Comic Sans ki tētahi pae inu. Ka mea te kaiwhakainu, "Aroha mai—kāore mātou e mahi ki tō momo."

• He kupu whakarite whakaranu te hikoi ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ka kite i te tuhituhi i runga i te pakitara engari ko te tumanako ka taea te whakamutu i te mahi.

• Ka haere te piko tohu ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ka inu, kātahi ka haere.

• E toru ngā kupumahi kore whakawhiti e hikoi ana ki roto i te pae. Ka noho rātou. Ka kōrero rātou. Ka wehe atu rātou.

• Ka hikoi haere tētahi kupu taurite ki roto i tētahi whare inu.

• I te mutunga o te rā, ka tomo mai tētahi kōrero tawhito ki tētahi pae inu—he hou, he ātaahua, he koi.

• Ka hikoi atu tētahi rerenga kōrero roa ki roto i tētahi pae inu ka tīmata te takaro. Me tētahi wāhanga rerenga kōrero iti orotika.

• Ka tomo noa tētahi kupu whakarite ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ā, ka whiua ia, hei kupu whakarite.

• He kupu whakarite e tomo ana ki tētahi pae inu, ahakoa ko te waipiro tōna uaua.

• Me i mōhio noa, kua hikoi te kupu whakarāpopoto ki roto i te pae.

• Ka hikoi tētahi kaiwhakamāori hapa ki roto i tētahi pae inu nō tētahi tangata he kanohi karāhe tōna ingoa ko Ralph.

• I haere ngā mea o mua, o nāianei, me āpōpō ki roto i tētahi pae inu. He tino taumaha te āhua.

• Ka hikoi te tangata mate pōrearea ki roto i tētahi pūeru.

• Ka hikoi te kupumahi ki roto i tētahi pae, ka kite i tētahi ingoa ataahua, ā, ka kī ka honoa rāua. Ka heke te ingoa.

• Ka hikoi te kupu whakarite ki roto i tētahi pae inu, he maroke pērā i te koraha.

• He kupu whakataki me te kupu mutunga kore e hikoi ana ki roto i te pae, e inu ana hei wareware.

• Ka tomo te kupu he tohuhonohono me te kupu kāore i te tohuhonohono ki roto i te pae inu, ā, tata tonu te kaihoroi inu ka mate i te rongonga i te katakata.

Mō ngā tohunga tohu me te wetereo, ko ēnei katakata hikoi-ki-roto-i-te-pāra tetahi o ngā mea tino katakata kua pānuihia/kua rongohia e au. Ka puta mai i roto i Maaramatau, tae atu ki ētahi mai i te wāhanga kōrero o te pae. Ngā mihi nui mō ngā kata nui, GrammarBook.

He rauemi i hangaia, ā, kei raro i te mana pupuri o GrammarBook.com.

E ai ki taku whakaaro, kei te tīmatanga tātou o te NEKETANGA OROPURA NUI e whai ake nei. Āe, kāore pea i te "pai," engari he rite tonu ki te nekehanga oropura.

Nā, he aha te mea Te Huringa Nui o ngā Oropuare, e pātai ana koe? Āe, i puta i Ingarangi, mai i te tau 1400 ki te 1700 pea, i te wā i tino rerekē ai ngā oropuare. Engari he nui ake ngā kōrero mō tēnā i MURI.

Ko te waianei Ko te nekehanga o ngā oropuare e kōrero nei ahau, ko te whakahua i ngā reta A a E—ehara i te ahua ROA pēnei i te mate, te tūtaki rānei, engari ko te ahua POTO, moenga or tutaki.

Kua kite koe te whakapuakitanga mō ngā kupu e whai ake nei—TE TĒTAHI… TE TINI… KA TAEA… NGĀ TĀNE… KUA… ĀHEA… TE WHAI? He maha atu anō, engari he nui ēnei hei tautohetohe.

Ki te whakarongo koe āta whakarongo ina kōrero te tangata, ka taea e koe te whakarongo ki tētahi reo poto-i e ngokingoki mai ana? Ehara i te oropuare roa pērā i te iPhone engari ko te poto—pērā i roto i Fitbit.

Koinei te āhua o tōna tangi—
• Kia ora. He iti ngā tōnati INNY kei a koe?
• Kia pēhea te nui o te MINNY e hiahiatia ana e koe?
• KIN ka homai e koe he rua tekau mā rua ki ahau?
• Ae, nui atu anō.
• Āe, kati te WHIN kia tae koe ki te 100.
Pēnei rānei te tangi—
• Kua tae te wā mō ngā MIN pai katoa kia haere mai ki te āwhina i tō rātou whenua.

He ā-rohe o te Tonga, tērā pea ka mea koe. Engari ehara. Ka taea e koe te whakarongo ki tēnei i runga i te pouaka whakaata ā-motu, i te reo irirangi, i ngā podcast, me ngā kiriata—ā, mai i ngā tāngata puta noa i te motu.

Nā, he aha te mea kei te tupu? Te oro—he mea nui te ORO.

Whakaarohia te nui He māmā ake te kī "MIN" kaua ko "men" … ko "INNY" rānei kaua ko "any". He māmā ake tēnei nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia kia whānui te whakatuwheratanga o te waha, ā, ka taea e te arero te okioki pai ki waenganui. Engari, kāore i te nui rawa te mahi i te taha o te oro.

Kia hoki tāua ki te Huringa Nui o ngā Oropuare. Kāore tetahi e mōhio ana i te wā, i te wāhi rānei i Ingarangi i tīmata ai, me te take rānei (he maha ngā ariā), engari ko te mutunga iho he HURINGA MĀTAURANGA i roto i te whakahua oropuare.

Ko te nuinga i pā ki ngā oropuare roa. I mua he rite te tangi o te kupu BITE ki te pīti, he rite te tangi o te kupu MATE ki te maht, he rite te tangi o te kupu BOOT ki te boat—e toru noa iho ngā tauira, engari kua mārama koe ki te whakaaro.

I tēnei rā, tata ki te 300 tau i muri mai—i roto i tō tātou ake NEKETANGA OROPURA kāore i te tino NUI—e whakaaro ana ahau mēnā kei te WHAKAMATE tātou i ngā oropuara poto o te A me te E, inā koa ka whai mai te oropurā N. He rite tonu tōku hara ki te hara o te tangata e whai ake nei o ngā whanonga kohuru.

Whakamātauria te korero ngā kupu e whai ake nei—ko ērā e whakakapia ana e au te en tangi ki inAnei rātou: INCOUNTER … INDEAR … INGRAVE … INJOY … INLIVEN … INSURE … INTANGLE … INVELOP (te āhua kupumahi) … INVIRONMENT. (Kaua e manukanuka, kāore te tuhi e rerekē, ko te whakahua noa iho.)

reo he rite ki ngā mea ora, e whanake haere ana i roto i te wā. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakaaro tātou he tikanga tēnei mō te whakarerekētanga o te whakamahinga kupu, te tāpiri rānei i ngā kupu hou ki te papakupu, engari e pā ana hoki ki te whakapuaki kupu. He hītori ora te reo, ā, me te mea kei waenganui tātou i tēnei.

Ki te rūrū, ki te kore rānei. Koinā te pātai.
Ahakoa he rangatira ake i roto i te hinengaro te mamae
ngā pere me ngā whiu o ngā ingoa whānau whakarihariha…
rūrūtia rānei te pea.

He Tweet, ehara i te mea nā wai rā. Engari he tino katakata, ā, i whakaaro mātou he mea tika kia tohaina.

He pono te Whare Pukapuka o Pflugerville … me te tāone anō hoki. Engari kāore e kitea i Minnesota, i hea atu rānei e tata ana ki te roto o Wobegone. Kei Texas a Pflugerville, tata ki te 15 maero ki te raki o Austin. Whakaarohia.

Me aroha ki ngā kaitiaki pukapuka!

Kua wehe atu rātou tā rātou kēmu … ki te kore pea kua mutu tā rātou mahi — nā te mea i ētahi wā ka rite ki te kore he tangata kei waho e mahi ana i te mahi paru, e kukume ana i ngā kaipahua. Kei te kōrero ahau mō te Pirihimana o te Reo.

Nga rangatira, ngā kaitōrangapū, ngā tohunga, ngā kaituhi, tae atu ki ngā rangatira New York Times — rātou katoa — kei te mawhiti i te kohuru wetereo.

Ko tenei i tae mai i tēnei rā. He āhua mārie, engari he tohu mō te hekenga ki raro ki te kore ture. E rua ngā "raka-ake" e tatauhia ana e au i te tīmatanga. Nō reira, me pānui tātou, me wetewete.

Kei te tū te hunga e whakarārangi ana mō te whai wāhitanga.

1. HE tāngata
Tuhinga: he maha ngā kupu "iwi", nō reira ka mea tātou, "Kei reira" ko tangata" "Kei reira rānei"'re "tēnei te iwi." Kāore mātou e kī ana, "He iwi" he "He iwi" rānei.

1. He're ngā pukapuka i roto i te whare pukapuka. — Kei reira's he pukapuka kei runga i te tepu.
2. He're ngā kiore i te parae. — Kei reira's he kiore i roto i te whare.
3. He're he tini ngā tāngata. — Kei reira's he tini ngā tāngata.

2. He tāngata kei reira
Āue anō: "ngā tāngata" he, āe … ngā tāngata, ā, e whakamahia ana e mātou nei ina kōrerotia ana te homo sapiens. Ko te kupu "that" me "which" e pā ana ki ngā mea.

1. Te tangata nei Nāku te pukapuka i homai ki ahau, ko taku whaea kēkē.
2. Ko te whaea keke nei i homai e ia ki ahau ko te pukapuka taku tino pai.
3. Nga tangata nei i aroha ahau ki te pānui i te pukapuka.
4. Ko nga mea nei He hoa aroha ōku ki te pukapuka.

Ko enei e rua he hara noa. Kia aro mai, ā, ka tīmata koe ki te kite i te auau o tō rongonga i te "there's" hei utu mō te "there's" … me te "that" hei utu mō te "who".

Te pai, kātahi. Me whakamātau anō tātou i te rerenga kōrero:

Kei te tū te hunga e rapu ana i te whai wāhitanga.

He pai ake koinei tēnei (ngana kia kaua e tīmata i tētahi rerenga kōrero ki te "there"):

Kua whakarārangihia te iwi kia whiwhi ai i te whai wāhitanga.

Kia pa ki a tatou, heoi anō: he mea nui rānei tētahi o ēnei mea? Ki ahau nei, he rite ki ngā maikuku i runga i te papa pango, engari i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mea … kāore au i te tino mōhio he mea nui.

*Āe! Anei tētahi atu kua tae mai: "He pānuitanga rapu āwhina kei ngā wāhi katoa." —1/11/2018

Kaua e mahi pāngarau (kāore e taea). Engari me mahi i te wetereo. (Mātakitaki i takahia e au te wetereo i konei nā te mea ka taea e au. He tino pai ahau…ka tukuna tonutia ahau e ngā pirihimana wetereo.)

Ki taku whakaaro i roto i te wetereo—arā, ko ngā ture mō te mārama o te whakapuakitanga—kia mārama ai ētahi atu ki tā tātou e ngana ana ki te kōrero.

Ahakoa ra, kotahi te ture wetereo me whakarere: ko te "m" i roto i te āhua tūturu o te kupu whakakapi "who" … koia ko "whom".

Ko taua m he mana kino, he whakapehapeha iti nei mai i ngā rā i te wā ko te reo Latina te sine qua non (tirohia "ngā turi o ngā pī") o te reo.

He rite tonu ki tērā atu ture wairangi mō te kore e mutu te rerenga kōrero me te kupu whakarite. Ā, e mōhio ana tātou katoa ki te take i puta ai tēnā: te kōrero rongonui a Winston, "HE MEA TĒNEI E KORE AU E WHAKAPUTA."

KO WAI WAI—Te whakamātautau

TĒNEI?     — Hoatu te tohu ki te TANGATA e tika ana mōna.
Ranei tenei?  — Hoatu te tohu ki te TANGATA e tika ana kia whakawhiwhia ki taua tohu.

TĒNEI?    — Hoatu te tohu ki te hunga e whakaaro ana koe he tika mōna.
Ranei tenei?  — Hoatu te tohu ki te hunga e whakaaro ana koe he tika mōna.

Ko wai / ko wai He nui rawa te whakanui i te pōrearea. Ka taea te whakatutuki i te māramatanga me te kore he reta iti whakararuraru. Ko wai? Ko wai? He mea nui? Kua mārama tātou ki te kaupapa.

Ngā whakautu
Pānuihia i runga i tō ake tūponotanga.

whakahoki:  Hoatu te tohu ki te TANGATA e tika ana mōna. 
"Ko wai" e kore te mea e kīia ana ko "ki." Engari, ko WAHO te kaupapa o tētahi kīanga whakawhirinaki, "ko wai e tika ana kia whiwhi." Ko te kīanga katoa te mea e kīia ana ko "ki". Hū!

whakahoki:  Hoatu te tohu ki te hunga e whakaaro ana koe he tika mōna. 
"Ko wai" e kore te mea o "ko wai e whakaaro ana koe...ko wai." Ko "ko wai e whakaaro ana koe" kei roto i ngā pareneti...ka taea e koe te tango katoa. Nō reira, ka noho te "ko wai" hei kupu whakakapi mō "ērā" me te kaupapa o te kīanga whanaunga "ko wai e tika ana kia whiwhi."

Tirohia te aha o taku korero? He nui te mangumangu i maringi ki runga i te mngāwari noa iho m!

He mea ngaro rawa ngā ture wetereo i tēnei wā. He rite ki te noho hei manuhiri i tētahi pāti tina a EDITH WHARTON i a koe e ngana ana ki te whakaaro i TE MAURA OYSTER… mai i te MAURA IKA… mai i te MAURA HUARĀKAU… mai i te MAURA REKA. He mea pai ake tā tātou katoa hei manukanuka.

No reira anei taku kaupapa whaiaro mō tētahi ao pai ake: kia PARA TE m i roto i a wai!

Āe, aua iwi Īnia-Pākehā nanakiaI te taha raki o ngā Moana Pango me ngā Moana Caspian, i te 4,000 tau ki muri, i runga i ngā whenua tarutaru o Ūrāhia, i te raki o ngā Moana Pango me ngā Moana Caspian, nā tēnei rōpū tāngata tawhito i homai te reo Pākehā ki a tātou—ehara i te mea ko to tatou engari tata ki te katoa o Ūropi me Īnia hoki.

Nā, me pēhea te reo i o tētahi iwi motuhake o ngā kaiawhina hipi haereere e whakahaere ana i tētahi rohe nui pēnei? Ko te whakautu he hōiho—me tētahi whakarerekētanga ira tangata.



Mahere nā Louis Henwood mō Te Hītori o te Podcast Ingarihi

He taketake ngā hōiho ki ngā mania o Ūropi, ā, i whakamahia e ngā tāngata Inia-Pākehā hei mīti—i te tīmatanga. Engari i kitea e tētahi tangata mātau (ā, toa) ka taea te eke hōiho, ā, ka whakamahia hei whāngai hipi me kau. I te eke hōiho, ka kitea e ngā tāngata Inia-Pākehā ka taea e rātou te whakatipu me te whakahaere i ngā kahui nunui, nunui hoki.

I kitea e tētahi atu wairua kanapa kaua e patu i te tini o ngā koati, o ngā hipi rānei hei kai, engari me waiho ētahi hei whakamahi i tā rātou miraka. He waimarie, i taurite taua whakaaro ki te horapa o tētahi ira hē—he whakarerekētanga ira i puta ai te lactase, te whākōkī e āhei ai te tangata ki te nakunaku i te miraka.

Nā te mea i tupu pai ai ngā kahui—pērā anō hoki ngā iwi, i nui haere te tokomaha me te rahi. Nā te pikinga ake o ngā kahui me ngā tāngata i kore ai e hiahiatia he whenua nui ake—ā, nō reira ka tīmata te haerenga ki te rawhiti ki Īnia me te hauauru ki Ūropi.


Mahere nā Louis Henwood mō Te Hītori o te Podcast Ingarihi

A, ki te he koe i arai i a rātou? Āe, he hōiho ā rātou—kāore i a koe—nō reira ka taea e koe te whakaaro ko wai i tae atu ki te whenua. Ahakoa rā, kāore ngā kaituhi hītori i te tino mōhio he rite te toa o ngā iwi Indo-European ki a rātou, mēnā i toa tonu rātou, i noho rangimārie rānei i ētahi wā. Ko te nuinga o ngā mea e rua pea.

Heoi anō i tupu, I te taenga mai o ngā tāngata Indo-Ūropi ki te whakahaere i ngā tāngata o ō rātou whenua hou. I horapa tonu tō rātou reo ki te rawhiti, ki te hauauru hoki mō ngā mano tau me ngā mano maero, ā, ka huri hei reo motuhake... ā, i te mutunga ka huri hei reo motuhake, tae atu ki ngā reo Tiamana o mua, te tūpuna o ō tātou ake.

He aha te tikanga o tēnei, He mea whakamiharo, i ēnei rā, e 50% o te taupori o te ao e kōrero ana i tētahi reo nō Indo-Ūropi—e 3 piriona tātou—nō tētahi iwi tawhito o ngā kaiawhina hipi haereere katoa!

* tenei—me te maha atu anō, he maha atu anō—kei te wātea i runga i te podcast whakamiharo a Kevin Stroud, Te Hītori o te Podcast IngarihiTēnā koa, whakapaua he wiki, he rua rānei (he marama, he rua rānei) ki te whakarongo ki ana wāhanga neke atu i te 50. He kaiwhakataki tino mārama a Stroud, ā, kua kohikohia e ia he hītori whakamīharo, taipitopito hoki mō te take o te āhua o tō tātou reo porangi, te reo Pākehā. Ki te aroha koe ki te hītori me te reo Pākehā, ka tino waranga koe. Ae, ko au.

Kia mōhio hoki ki ngā mapi ataahua e whakamahia ana e Stroud—e rua o ēnei kei konei. Nā Louis Henwood ēnei i hanga māna. Ngā mihi ki a Kevin rāua ko Louis mō tā rāua whakaaetanga kia whakamahia.

Āe, tirohia Ko Semiramis inaianei—kua nui atu tōna harikoa inaianei kua paku ahu whakamua koe i roto i tō mōhio ki te whakamahi i te irapiko.

Hei whakamahara panuku ki raro ki te pou o mua. Kia maumahara: ko te kaupapa matua o te tohu ira ko te hono i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua kahore mā te whakamahi i te piko me te hononga (ā, engari, rānei, nā reira, mō te kore, ahakoa).

I tā mātou akoranga whakamutunga, kei te whakamahi mātou i ngā tohukōpiko mā te ngā kupu hono—ngā kupu pēnei i te heoi anō, nō reira, ahakoa rā. Ka kiia ēnei ko ngā kupu hono WHAKAMĀRAMA.

—Ngā Kupukōrero me ngā Kupu Whakamārama—

He aha i whakamahia ai te tohu irakōna?
Kia maumahara: ka hono te irapiko i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua e pā ana.
Whakaarohia he huinga o te ira me te koma. Mātakitaki kei te tohu tētahi o ia mea—runga me raro. 

He aha te hononga?
Ko te kupu hono he kupu e "honohono ana," e hono ana rānei, i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua. Ngā kupu hono auau—ā, engari, nō reira, mō, kāore rānei, ahakoa—me whakamahi he KOMATA i mua i te hononga.

Tauira: I auau te kurī , a i whiowhio te ngeru.
Tauira: I auau te kurī , engari i tū pakari te ngeru.
Tauira: I auau te kurī , so i oma te ngeru.

He aha te hononga kupu whakahuahua?
Pērā i ngā hononga auau, ngā kupu hono kupu whakahuahua Honoa ngā rerenga kōrero e rua—engari me te tohu HĒMIKA i mua, me te tohu KOMA i muri. He "tautuhinga" ēnei nā te mea e whakaahua tika ana i te hononga o te rerenga tuarua ki te rerenga tuatahi—pērā i te whakaahuatanga a ngā tautuhinga i ngā kupumahi. Kei te mahara koe ki ngā tautuhinga?

-> I kai ia. I pēhea tana kai? I ata kai ia.
-> I waiata ia. Me pēhea tana waiata? I waiata nui ia.

Ētahi hononga kupu whakahuahua noa

hoki	Heoi	ahakoa
ahakoa	pono	ahakoa
no reira	hei utu	i teie nei
hopea	waihoki	kaore
atu	i muri nei	ka
atu ano	Ano hoki	no reira

Ngā Tauira—

• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; Heoi , ko ia i whakatau tonu kia haere.

Ko te kupu hono "heoi anō" e tohu ana kei te WHAKATAETAE te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero ki te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi...ahakoa or ahakoa or tonu.

__________

• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; no reira , kāore ia i haere.

Ko te kupu hono kupu "nō reira" e tohu ana ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero he WHAKATAUNGA nō te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi...hei hua or no reira.

__________

• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; atu ano , kāore ia i te pai te āhua.

Ko te kupu tāpiri kupu "furthermore" e tohu ana ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero he TĀPIRI ki te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi...hoki or Ano hoki.

__________

• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; hei utu , i haere ia ki te whare pukapuka.

Ko te kupu hono kupu "engari" e tohu ana ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero he HURINGA kē atu i te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi...Engari.

WHAKATŪPATO
Kaua e whakapoauau i ngā kupu tāpiri kupu ina whakamahia hei KUPU WHAKATAU. Kia mōhio koe, i roto i ngā rerenga e whai ake nei, kua whakakorea ēnei e te KOMA. Kāore he tohukōma e kitea ana.

• I tino makariri rawa, Heoi, mō te kēmu.
• Heoi, he makariri rawa mō te kēmu.

Ko te kupu "Heoi anō" he kupu WHAKATAU - ehara i te kupu hono - nā te mea kotahi anake te rerenga kōrero i konei (S + V): "I"...

__________

• Kāore ia i pena, no reira, e hiahia ana ki te haere ki te kēmu.
•Na reira, kāore ia i hiahia ki te haere ki te kēmu.

"Nō reira" he mahi WHAKATAURANGA—ehara i te hononga kupu whakahuahua—nā te mea kotahi anake te rerenga kōrero i konei (S + V): "Kāore ia i hiahia"...

__________

• I tua atu, kāore ia i te pai te āhua.

Ko te kupu "Tāpiri atu" he kupu WHAKATAU - ehara i te kupu hono kupu - nā te mea kotahi anake te rerenga kōrero i konei (S + V): "Kāore ia i (kāore) i rongo"...

E te iwi...! He aha te hē o tōu? Kāore anō kia pēnei te tokomaha i te mārama ki tētahi SQUIGGLE noa iho i runga i tētahi whārangi.

Kia tūtaki ki a Semiramis, te rangatira toa o Ahiria, te rangatira o te tohu piko. Kei konei ia hei ĀWHINA i a koe. E kore koe e whakakahore i a ia.

Kia mau te whakapono. Mā te iti o te tohutohu, ka taea hoki e koe te matatau ki te SEMICOLON—arā, ka taea e koe te mau i te kākahu me te mau i te taitara "Semiramis o te Semicolon." (Kāore i roto te tao.)

     —Ngā Kōpiko-ira—

He aha i whakamahia ai te tohu irakōna?
Ka hono te irapiko i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua.
Whakaarohia he huinga o te ira me te koma. Mātakitaki kei te tohu tētahi o ia mea—runga me raro. 

He aha e kore ai e whakamahia he koma?
He ngoikore te koma, e 90-pauna te taumaha. He ngoikore rawa. kāore e taea te whakakotahi i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua.
Ki te whakamahia e koe tētahi, kua raru koe i te hononga piko iti.

He aha e kore ai e whakamahia he paheketanga?
Ka taea e koe. Whakamahia he tohuwā hei whakamutu i te rerenga tuatahi. Kātahi ka tīmata i te rerenga tuarua.

He ngoikore rawa te piko .  Kāore e taea te pupuri i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua kia kotahi.

Āhea koe e whakamahi ai i te tohu ira-piko?
I ētahi wā ka hiahia koe ki te hono i ngā whakaaro—e rua ngā rerenga kōrero e pā ana tetahi ki tetahi. Mēnā ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tohukōpiko.

He ngoikore rawa te piko ; kāore e taea te whakakotahi i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua.
He kaha te tohukōroni ; it taea pupuri i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua kia kotahi.

He aha te rerenga korero?
He whakaaro katoa te rerenga kōrero. Mā te tohu ira ka mutu taua whakaaro. Mā te tohu ira ka taea te whakawhānui i te whakaaro—mā te hono atu ki tētahi atu katoa engari e pā ana whakaaro.


Kia mahara-
Me rua ngā rerenga kōrero katoa hei whakamahi i te tohukōro —  S + V ki maui  ;   S + V kei te taha matau.

tauira—e rua āu whakaaro (e pā ana)...
whakamahi 2 rerenga kōrero -> me te wā:
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu . I whakatau ia kia kaua e haere.

whakamahi 1 Tuhinga -> me te tohukōro:
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; kāore ia i haere.
                                             ________________

tauira—e rua āu whakaaro (e pā ana)...
whakamahi 2 rerenga kōrero -> me te wā:
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu . Heoi anō, i whakatau ia kia haere tonu.

whakamahi 1 Tuhinga -> me te tohukōro:
    • He makariri rawa, kāore i taea te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; heoi anō, i whakatau ia kia haere tonu.

Kaore koe me whakamahi i te tohukōpiko hei whakakotahi i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i te hononga taketake — ā, engari, nō reira, mō, kāore rānei, kāore anō — always (tonu, tonu) me te piko.
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu , so kāore ia i haere.
    • He makariri rawa, kāore i taea te pārekareka ki te kēmu , engari engari i whakatau ia kia haere tonu.
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu , a kāore ia i pai ki te haere.

Ehara i te mea ngaro He uaua te ako i te reo Pākehā. Ko ētahi o ēnei he mea e pā ana ki ngā oro rite me ngā oro rerekē. Kua pārekareka kē tātou ki ngā kupu he rite te tangi engari he rerekē te tuhi me te tikanga.-homofona, pērā i te tahanga me te pea.

Tenei wa kei a matou ngā heterophones—mohiotia ano ko he ingoa ingoa—ngā kupu he rite te āhua engari he rerekē te whakapuakitanga me te tikanga.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?
     —Ngā Heterophone—

1. Clara patunga he takai huri noa i tōna patunga.
   
   
2. katoa tau ka tipu ake tōku hinengaro tau.
   
   
3. Kua kī te putunga. Aroha mai, me mahi tātou whakakore koutou whakakore.
   
   
4. Kaua e koraha ahau i roto i te koraha.
   
   
5. I ohorere, te kūkupa kūkupa ki roto i ngā rakau.
   
   
6. He kino, engari kāore au ahanoa ki te ahanoa.
   
   
7. Kāore he wā pērā i te hakari Tuhinga o mua hakari he whakaaro pai.
   
   
8. He haupae mo te pehea haupae.
   
   
9. I pērā anō hoki ia tata Tuhinga o mua tata te tatau.
   
   
10. He tia ataahua e rite ki tana e.

He maha ngā kupu takirua me ngā tikanga rerekē. Ko ētahi he rite te tuhi engari he rerekē te tangi (koraha/koraha) ... ko ētahi he rite te tangi engari he rerekē te tuhi (ore/oar/or). Whakamātauria ētahi māu ake. He kēmu ngahau tēnei mā ngā karapu pukapuka... mā ngā tohunga kupu rānei.

Whakaatuhia to he mātau ki tēnei wāhanga o ngā pātai tuhituhi—ngā kupu matua, arā, he rite te tuhi, he rite te whakahua, engari he rerekē te tikanga mēnā he rite te reta tuatahi ki te reta matua. Pērā i a Maehe me Maehe.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?
—Ngā Kupumatua—

Korero E pā ana ki a Ionia, he rohe o Kariki Onamata, pērā i ngā pou Ionic.	kowhai E pā ana ki tētahi katote matū (he ngota he kore taurite te maha o ngā porotona me ngā irahiko)
Job He tangata o te Paipera e pāngia ana e te mamae nui.	mahi He mahi, he mahi rānei, e utua ana te tangata mōna.
Haratua Ko te marama tuarima o te tau o te tau maramataka.	kia He kupumahi āwhina hei whakaatu i te whakaaetanga, i te āheinga rānei.
puhoi Ki ngā Karaitiana, ko te wā i waenganui i te Wenerei Pūngāwerewere me te Rātapu Aranga	utu Ko te kupumahi tuku moni te wā o mua, arā, ko te hoatu i tētahi mea ki tētahi tangata mō tētahi wā.
kaupapa E pā ana ki a Pōrana, ki tōna iwi, ki tōna whenua, ki tōna ahurea rānei.	kaupapa Hei hoatu he kanapa ki te mata o tētahi mea.
Tawhaki E pā ana ki a Kōtirana i te UK, ki ōna tāngata, ki tōna whenua, ki tōna ahurea rānei.	kōtimana Hei whakamutu i tētahi mea, he maha ngā wā he rongo kōrero, he whakaaro, he mahere rānei.
Turkey He whenua kei te rohe o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.	korukoru He manu nui e kainga ana e ngā Amerikana mō te Thanksgiving.
Welsh E pā ana ki a Wales i te UK, ki ōna tāngata, ki tōna whenua, ki ōna ahurea rānei.	Welsh Ki te whakarē (ki te hoki) i tētahi whakaaetanga

i roto i te 30 Rock wāhanga, ka wheturangitia a Jenna i roto i tētahi kiriata, engari kāore tetahi i whiwhi i te taitara—"Rural Juror." Ka karanga tonu a Jenna i tēnei kiriata ko "rurur jurur," he huinga kupu whakakatakata, ā, i hiahia ai ahau ki te whakamātau i ētahi o aku ake—Manukanuka, ngenge ... Hapa o te Pere ... Te wehi o te ngangau...

Kaati, kaore He rite tonu te katakata ki tā Jenna, engari kāore a Tiny Fey e tuhi ana i tēnei blog. Heoi anō, i whakaaro ahau ki te mahi kōrero, he tukanga uaua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhua o te hanga i ō tātou waha mārō me ō tātou waha ngawari, te whakatuwhera i ō tātou glottis, te neke i ō tātou arero, te hanga i ō tātou ngutu—me te raupapa o tā tātou mahi i te katoa.

 Ka mahi matou He ngāwari noa iho te mahi i ēnei mahi whakapakari tinana ā-waha i roto i ō tātou reo taketake, me te mea he mea ātaahua noa iho, nā te mea kua mahia e tātou mai i te tamarikitanga. Ā, koinei te mea e tino ngahau ai ngā mahi takahuri arero: ka whakararuraru i tō tātou kaha ki te mahi i ā tātou mahi tinihanga ā-waha. Te hoko angaanga moana, ngā pīkara a Peter Piper, me te maka rakau. Ki te tere te kōrero, ka hinga koe—nā te mea kāore e taea e koe te neke i tō arero ki te tūranga tika i te tere.

Ko taku tino pai Ehara tēnei wāhanga o ngā pātai reo i te tino whakakorikori reo, engari he tata tonu ki te whakarerekē i te huarahi e kīia ai e tātou tētahi, e rua rānei kupu noa.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?
—Whatiri—

Pakeke Pakeha he whatitiri hoki te whatitiri—he kupu whakamā nā te mea he kupu āhua rite ki te reo o te whatitiri. Kia hohoro te kī... ā, ka mōhio koe he aha i uru mai ai te "d". He mea tēnei nā te hapa iti o te wā—i a tātou e neke ana i tō tātou arero mai i te "n" ki te "r," te kī a te tohunga reo a Charles Barber.

E rua ngā nekehanga o ngā whekau kōrero e hiahiatia ana i tēnei whakawhiti: (1) ka katihia ngā ara ihu mā te hiki ake o te waha ngohengohe, ā, (2) ka nekehia te arero kia matara atu i ngā niho hei whakawātea i te ara o te waha. [Mēnā he hapa te wā], mēnā ka katihia ngā ara ihu i mua i te neke o te arero, ka rangona te "d".....

Nō reira, ko te "d" i kitea tōna ara ki roto i te kupu nā te mea he māmā ake te kī.dI kitea tuatahitia tēnei i te tekau tau atu i 1300, engari e 300 anō te roa i mua i te whakaaetia hei reo Pākehā paerewa.

He tīmi me te tataramoa e rua atu ngā kupu i pāngia e te whakahāngaitanga oro ōrite, e ai ki tā Barber. I whiwhi rāua i te reta waenga "b".

Te mutunga o te akoranga, te mutunga o te pou rangitaki...haunga te kōrero mō tā Charles Barber Te Reo Pākehā: He Kupu Whakataki Hītori, Cambridge UP, 2000, whārangi 45.

Toku hoa I puta mai anō a Gordon me ētahi atu kupu ngahau—i tēnei wā ko ngā KUPU A JANUS.

Ko Hānuere tēnei, i tapaina i muri i te atua Rōmana, a Janus—nāna i anga whakamuri, i anga whakamua hoki, e titiro ana ki mua me te heke mai. Nō reira, koinei te marama tino pai hei whakauru i ēnei kupu porangi.

Ngā kupu a Janus he kupu taupatupatu-whaiaro, he kupu whakahē rānei. He rite te tuhi me te whakapuakitanga engari he tikanga WHĀNUI.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

Hoko — kia piri tahi; kia wehea
Topenga — kia mau tahi; kia tapahia
ritenga — te tikanga; ahurei
puehu — ki te tango i te puehu; ki te tauhiuhi mārire
Tere — e mau tonu ana ki tōna tūranga; e tere haere ana
Tuhinga o mua — kia mataara marie; kāore i kitea
aronui — iti, i roto i te ahupūngao; tino nui, pērā i te "peke"
fakangofua — ki te whakaae; he mahi whiu
riri — kia whakapakeke; kia whakangawari

He iti noa iho tēnei. He maha atu anō.

Ingarihi—he reo tino pai hei ngahau māu! Anei tētahi raruraru wetereo kuware, kāore he whakamārama māku... engari he kīwaha noa iho. Ahakoa rā, he ture tonu ngā ture—me whakarongo ki ngā ture.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

Ka taea e koe te ki
Tangohia te paru i roto i—ranei—  Tangohia i roto i te paru.
Ā, ka taea e koe te kī
Tangohia it i roto i—engari kāore— Taia atu it.
___________

Ka taea e koe te ki
Potae mama up—ranei—  Whakakīia he pata Whaea.
Ā, ka taea e koe te kī
Potae konei up—engari kāore— Whakakīia he pata konei.
___________

Ka taea e koe te ki
tahuri nga rama on—ranei—  Whakatikahia nga rama.
Ā, ka taea e koe te kī
tahuri ratou on—engari kāore— Whakatikahia ratou.
  

Ngā kupumahi me ngā kupu whakarite—ka whakaaro koe he rite ki ngā kupumahi mutunga kore—to be or not to be—koe Tuhinga o mua e kore ritua tētahi o ēnā. Ko taku tikanga "kāore koe i te Tuhinga o mua ritua kotahi.” (Engari e pena ana tātou katoa.)

Engari ngā kupu whakarite-whakarite he rerekē i ngā kupu whakamuna. Ki te whakamahi koe i tētahi kupu whakakapi, me ritua ratou up"—kāore"wehea rātou.” He mea rerekē.

He mea whakamiharo ka ako te tangata i te reo Pākehā.

Ingarihi—he reo pai rawa atu tēnei hei whakangahau māu! Kei raro nei tētahi kōrero whakakatakata. He tino whakakatakata ina tere te kōrero.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

ngā whakapono | wāhanga | ira tangata | karo

Ka karohia ngā rōpū whakapono sex i roto i tenei wāhanga.

He uaua ake anō...
I roto i tenei wāhanga, titorehanga karohia te moepuku.

He wahine pakeke ahau — ā, koinei taku mahi hei oranga mōu. Nau mai ki te whai wāhi mai ki te ngahau. Waiho he kōrero. Ka taea e koe te whakaaro mai i tētahi? Whakaarohia he mahi whakakorikori roro.

Te reo Pākehā—he reo pai rawa atu hei whakangahau! Anei tētahi āhuatanga rerekē i pā ki taku tāne, ki a Pete—he tangata mātau ki ngā tau, ā, he tino pai ki a ia te reo.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

KA TAEA e koe te kī…
ko tenei kai pai—ranei— Ko tēnei kai pai.

Engari kāore e taea e koe te kī...
 ko tenei kai pai—ranei— Ko tēnei kai pai.

Te aha?

whakahoki:  He rite te tikanga o ngā rerenga kōrero e rua o runga; he maha hoki ā tātou whakamahinga o te kupu "pai" me te kupu "pai" ... engari kaua e tika.

He rerekē te tikanga o ngā rerenga kōrero, e pā ana ki te mahi a te kupu "kai" me te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kupu āhua me ngā kupu whakarite.

• He kai pai tēnei  He reka te kai. =)
  He kupu ingoa te kupu "kai".
   He kupu āhua te kupu pai, ā, kei mua i te ingoa—pērā i te pukapuka pai.

• He kai pai tēnei =  he kai hauora … he kai utu nui, he kai papai rānei.
  "Kei te kai" te kupumahi...pērā i te "Ko tēnei (te mea e mahia ana e au) ko te kai pai."
   He kupu whakarite te kupu "Well", ā, e whai ana i te kupu mahi.

He nui mo ngā ture wetereo uaua. He mea whakamiharo rānei te ako a tetahi?

Ingarihi—he reo pai rawa atu tēnei hei whakangahau māu! Kei raro nei ētahi kupu rite-waea, arā, he rite te tangi engari he rerekē ngā tikanga, ā, he maha ngā tuhi (he iti noa ngā herenga kua tangohia, e mōhio ana ahau). Ngā mihi nui ki taku hoa aroha, ki a Gordon Higgins, mō tēnei.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

gnu | i mōhio | hou | nu

I mauheretia i roto i te pouri o te ao tūroa,
i mōhio te gnu hou he mohio kāore he kōrero mō nu.

Translation: Ka kite te mohoao taitamariki kāore ia i te mārama ki te reta Kariki N.

Ingarihi—he reo pai rawa atu tēnei hei whakangahau māu! Kei raro nei ngā kupu rite-waea, arā, he rite te tangi engari he rerekē te tikanga. (Kua tangohia e au ētahi tikanga rerekē i konei.) Ngā mihi ki a Gordon Higgins. He tino mohio rawa ia.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

E rua, he maha rawa ngā kākahu tutu i mau i a ia, ā, kāore i pai ki te kanikani.

rua | rawa | tutu | ki

Koia te mea He oranga tēnei nāku. He tino pouri rawa. Ahakoa rā, ko te tumanako ka uru mai koe ki te ngahau. Nāku ēnei. Ka taea e koe te kimi i ētahi atu... ka taea rānei e koe te whakaaro i tāu ake. He mahi pai tēnei mō te roro—he pono.

Hapa—he kupu pai rawa atu, ā, he kupu tēnei i pupuri tonu i ahau ki te rapu i te papakupu i ngā tau kua pahure. Ko te raruraru, e whā ngā momo whakapuakitanga rerekē... me ētahi atu tikanga e ono, ā, kāore e taea e au te whakamārama tika. Ko Slough te tauira tino pai o te heteronym.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

Slough — ina rite te tangi ki te . . .

tere,
he whenua pukepuke, he repo rānei, he . . .
te ngakaukore (pērā i roto i te Pilgrim's Progress a Bunyan)

patua,
he waikeri, he awaawa rānei

Sl-pehea ... (whakapiko rānei, tangohia te ch)
he tāone e tata ana ki Liverpool, Ingarangi

parapara,
he kiri (pērā i te nakahi)
me te kupumahi: ki te maka atu, ki te maka atu

—Āe, tirohia te tere o
ka taea e koe te wikitoria i tēnei—

I whakatau ia, ko taua nakahi rawakore, i roto i te whakahekeheke o te pouri Tuhinga o mua whakahekeheke atu ana whakahekeheke i roto i te whakahekeheke tata ki te whakahekeheke waho Hapa.

Koinei te āhua o tōna tangi…

I whakatau ia, ko taua nakahi rawakore, i roto i te tere o te whakautu ki parapara atu ana parapara i roto i te patua tata ki te tere waho Sl-pehea

Āe...koinei te āhua o taku whakapau i ōku rā. Me pēhea koe e whakapau ai i ōu rā? He kupu whakamīharo āu? Tēnā koa uru mai ki te ngahau mā te waiho mai i tētahi kōrero.

Ingarihi—he reo pai rawa atu tēnei hei whakangahau māu! Kei raro nei ngā kupu rite-waea, arā, he rite te tangi engari he rerekē ngā tikanga. (Āe, kua tangohia e au ētahi tikanga rerekē.)

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho? 

hiahia | hiahia | wairangi | koretake | wonton

My tikanga kaore e hiahia ana ki te riro wairangi -
Ko au noa hiahia a wontons.  E hiahia ana kotahi?

Translation:
Kāore au i te tino hou; kei te toro atu ahau ki a koe mō tētahi wonton parai..

Nāku ēnei.  Tirohia mēnā ka kitea e koe ētahi atu . . . ka taea rānei e koe te whakaaro i tāu ake. He mahi pai tēnei mō te roro—nō reira kaua e mangere ki te whai wāhi mai!

Ingarihi—he reo pai rawa atu tēnei hei whakangahau māu! Kei raro nei he huinga o ngā kupu rite-waea, arā, he kupu ōrite te tangi engari he rerekē te tikanga, ā, he rerekē hoki te tuhi.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

tihi | titiro | peke | pīki

I whana ia i a ia peke i roto i te pique i tana tango i tētahi
tere peek i mua i te taea peak.

Translation:
I whana e ia tana kurī i te riri i tana tirotiro i te oumu
kia kite mēnā kua ara ake tana, uh...souffle.

Āe. Nāku ēnei i whakaaro. Mēnā ka kitea e koe ētahi atu... me whakamōhio mai ki a mātou, me whakaaro rānei koe i tāu ake. Waiho he kōrero.

Me pēhea te tangata He mea ngaro te ako me te tuhi i te reo Pākehā. Kei raro nei ngā kupu noa e tino whakapoauau ana i te tangata—tamariki, pakeke rānei—e ngana ana ki te ako i tēnei reo rerekē.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho? 

If kau rotarota me peka
kaua e tika kau rīme ki mare?

If whakahekeheke rotarota me kata
kaua e tika whakahekeheke rīme ki tamahine?

If hoe rotarota me koromatua
kaua e tika hoe rīme ki hu?

If maka atu rite i roto i
kaua e tika maka atu rīme ki taratara?

If kotakota rotarota me piki
kaua e tika kotakota rhyme me te peka?

Ko ēnei tuhituhinga pōhēhē e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te reo Ingarihi—ehara i te "reo Ingarihi" tūturu, ehara hoki i te reo tūturu. Mai i te mutunga o te noho a Rōmana, i kōrero ngā Piritana o mua i te ranunga o ngā reo Tiamana me ngā reo Norse, me te hupa Wīwī me te reo Latina i makahia e ngā akomanga teitei.

Te reo i rerekē haere tonu tae noa ki te rautau 15, ā, i tino pōhēhē ai te iwi o tētahi wāhanga o Ingarangi, ā, kāore i taea e rātou te mārama ki ngā kupu o tētahi atu wāhanga. 

Ko Wiremu Karakatona tēnā, he kaitā i waenganui o te rautau 15, nāna i tīmata te whakakotahi me te whakapūmau i te reo Pākehā "hou" i taua wā. Engari i tīmata wawe rawa ia—nā te hangarau tā i whakapūmau te reo i mua i te taea te whakatika i ngā hapa katoa. Nō reira, ko te raruraru o te peka kau me te mare.

Ingarihi—he reo pai rawa atu tēnei hei whakangahau māu! Kei raro nei he huinga o ngā kupu rite-waea, arā, he rite te tangi engari he rerekē ngā tikanga, ā, he rerekē hoki ngā tuhi. (Āe, kua tangohia e au ētahi tikanga rerekē.)

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?

hau | aire | ere | e're | err | heir 

If kei he wā mō ngā rangatira ki te tango rangi,
Tuhinga he ngā hapa i roto i tona pai, inaianei tonu.

Translation
Kua tae te wā ki te manawa i mua i te
ka hē ia i roto i te waiata.

Tēnā koa, tākaro mai. Nāku ēnei, tirohia mēnā ka kitea e koe ētahi atu... whakaarohia rānei he kupu rite āu ake. He whakangungu roro pai tēnei.