Mai i te Pukapuka Grammar
• Ka haere te tohu Oxford ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ka noho ki reira i te pō e mātakitaki ana i te pouaka whakaata, e haurangi ana, e momi hikareti ana hoki.

• I hikoia mai tētahi pae inu e te reo pāhekoheko.

• I haere mai tētahi kupu taupatupatu ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ā, tino puku te whakarongo.

• E rua ngā tohu kōrero e haere ana ki roto i tētahi "pae".

• He tangata whanoke e hikoi ana ki roto i tētahi pae inu, e rapu ana i ngā mahi tino uaua, pērā i te wuruhi e mau ana i ngā kākahu iti te utu, e hamumu ana i ngā epitaph me te maka marara ki tana wahine, e whakaaro ana he kohatu kōhatu ia.

• Ka haehae katoatia tēnei pae porangi e te whakahuahua, ā, ka whakangaromia katoatia ngā mea katoa.

• He tohu pātai e hikoi ana ki roto i te pae inu?

• Ka hikoi te manu kore-sequitur ki roto i tētahi pae inu. Ahakoa te hau kaha, ka taea e ngā tāki te rere.

• Ka tomo a Papyrus rāua ko Comic Sans ki tētahi pae inu. Ka mea te kaiwhakainu, "Aroha mai—kāore mātou e mahi ki tō momo."

• He kupu whakarite whakaranu te hikoi ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ka kite i te tuhituhi i runga i te pakitara engari ko te tumanako ka taea te whakamutu i te mahi.

• Ka haere te piko tohu ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ka inu, kātahi ka haere.

• E toru ngā kupumahi kore whakawhiti e hikoi ana ki roto i te pae. Ka noho rātou. Ka kōrero rātou. Ka wehe atu rātou.

• Ka hikoi haere tētahi kupu taurite ki roto i tētahi whare inu.

• I te mutunga o te rā, ka tomo mai tētahi kōrero tawhito ki tētahi pae inu—he hou, he ātaahua, he koi.

• Ka hikoi atu tētahi rerenga kōrero roa ki roto i tētahi pae inu ka tīmata te takaro. Me tētahi wāhanga rerenga kōrero iti orotika.

• Ka tomo noa tētahi kupu whakarite ki roto i tētahi pae inu, ā, ka whiua ia, hei kupu whakarite.

• He kupu whakarite e tomo ana ki tētahi pae inu, ahakoa ko te waipiro tōna uaua.

• Me i mōhio noa, kua hikoi te kupu whakarāpopoto ki roto i te pae.

• Ka hikoi tētahi kaiwhakamāori hapa ki roto i tētahi pae inu nō tētahi tangata he kanohi karāhe tōna ingoa ko Ralph.

• I haere ngā mea o mua, o nāianei, me āpōpō ki roto i tētahi pae inu. He tino taumaha te āhua.

• Ka hikoi te tangata mate pōrearea ki roto i tētahi pūeru.

• Ka hikoi te kupumahi ki roto i tētahi pae, ka kite i tētahi ingoa ataahua, ā, ka kī ka honoa rāua. Ka heke te ingoa.

• Ka hikoi te kupu whakarite ki roto i tētahi pae inu, he maroke pērā i te koraha.

• He kupu whakataki me te kupu mutunga kore e hikoi ana ki roto i te pae, e inu ana hei wareware.

• Ka tomo te kupu he tohuhonohono me te kupu kāore i te tohuhonohono ki roto i te pae inu, ā, tata tonu te kaihoroi inu ka mate i te rongonga i te katakata.

Mō ngā tohunga tohu me te wetereo, ko ēnei katakata hikoi-ki-roto-i-te-pāra tetahi o ngā mea tino katakata kua pānuihia/kua rongohia e au. Ka puta mai i roto i Maaramatau, tae atu ki ētahi mai i te wāhanga kōrero o te pae. Ngā mihi nui mō ngā kata nui, GrammarBook.

He rauemi i hangaia, ā, kei raro i te mana pupuri o GrammarBook.com.

E ai ki taku whakaaro, kei te tīmatanga tātou o te NEKETANGA OROPURA NUI e whai ake nei. Āe, kāore pea i te "pai," engari he rite tonu ki te nekehanga oropura.

Nā, he aha te mea Te Huringa Nui o ngā Oropuare, e pātai ana koe? Āe, i puta i Ingarangi, mai i te tau 1400 ki te 1700 pea, i te wā i tino rerekē ai ngā oropuare. Engari he nui ake ngā kōrero mō tēnā i MURI.

Ko te waianei Ko te nekehanga o ngā oropuare e kōrero nei ahau, ko te whakahua i ngā reta A a E—ehara i te ahua ROA pēnei i te mate, te tūtaki rānei, engari ko te ahua POTO, moenga or tutaki.

Kua kite koe te whakapuakitanga mō ngā kupu e whai ake nei—TE TĒTAHI… TE TINI… KA TAEA… NGĀ TĀNE… KUA… ĀHEA… TE WHAI? He maha atu anō, engari he nui ēnei hei tautohetohe.

Ki te whakarongo koe āta whakarongo ina kōrero te tangata, ka taea e koe te whakarongo ki tētahi reo poto-i e ngokingoki mai ana? Ehara i te oropuare roa pērā i te iPhone engari ko te poto—pērā i roto i Fitbit.

Koinei te āhua o tōna tangi—
• Kia ora. He iti ngā tōnati INNY kei a koe?
• Kia pēhea te nui o te MINNY e hiahiatia ana e koe?
• KIN ka homai e koe he rua tekau mā rua ki ahau?
• Ae, nui atu anō.
• Āe, kati te WHIN kia tae koe ki te 100.
Pēnei rānei te tangi—
• Kua tae te wā mō ngā MIN pai katoa kia haere mai ki te āwhina i tō rātou whenua.

He ā-rohe o te Tonga, tērā pea ka mea koe. Engari ehara. Ka taea e koe te whakarongo ki tēnei i runga i te pouaka whakaata ā-motu, i te reo irirangi, i ngā podcast, me ngā kiriata—ā, mai i ngā tāngata puta noa i te motu.

Nā, he aha te mea kei te tupu? Te oro—he mea nui te ORO.

Whakaarohia te nui He māmā ake te kī "MIN" kaua ko "men" … ko "INNY" rānei kaua ko "any". He māmā ake tēnei nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia kia whānui te whakatuwheratanga o te waha, ā, ka taea e te arero te okioki pai ki waenganui. Engari, kāore i te nui rawa te mahi i te taha o te oro.

Kia hoki tāua ki te Huringa Nui o ngā Oropuare. Kāore tetahi e mōhio ana i te wā, i te wāhi rānei i Ingarangi i tīmata ai, me te take rānei (he maha ngā ariā), engari ko te mutunga iho he HURINGA MĀTAURANGA i roto i te whakahua oropuare.

Ko te nuinga i pā ki ngā oropuare roa. I mua he rite te tangi o te kupu BITE ki te pīti, he rite te tangi o te kupu MATE ki te maht, he rite te tangi o te kupu BOOT ki te boat—e toru noa iho ngā tauira, engari kua mārama koe ki te whakaaro.

I tēnei rā, tata ki te 300 tau i muri mai—i roto i tō tātou ake NEKETANGA OROPURA kāore i te tino NUI—e whakaaro ana ahau mēnā kei te WHAKAMATE tātou i ngā oropuara poto o te A me te E, inā koa ka whai mai te oropurā N. He rite tonu tōku hara ki te hara o te tangata e whai ake nei o ngā whanonga kohuru.

Whakamātauria te korero ngā kupu e whai ake nei—ko ērā e whakakapia ana e au te en tangi ki inAnei rātou: INCOUNTER … INDEAR … INGRAVE … INJOY … INLIVEN … INSURE … INTANGLE … INVELOP (te āhua kupumahi) … INVIRONMENT. (Kaua e manukanuka, kāore te tuhi e rerekē, ko te whakahua noa iho.)

reo he rite ki ngā mea ora, e whanake haere ana i roto i te wā. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakaaro tātou he tikanga tēnei mō te whakarerekētanga o te whakamahinga kupu, te tāpiri rānei i ngā kupu hou ki te papakupu, engari e pā ana hoki ki te whakapuaki kupu. He hītori ora te reo, ā, me te mea kei waenganui tātou i tēnei.

Ki te rūrū, ki te kore rānei. Koinā te pātai.
Ahakoa he rangatira ake i roto i te hinengaro te mamae
ngā pere me ngā whiu o ngā ingoa whānau whakarihariha…
rūrūtia rānei te pea.

He Tweet, ehara i te mea nā wai rā. Engari he tino katakata, ā, i whakaaro mātou he mea tika kia tohaina.

He pono te Whare Pukapuka o Pflugerville … me te tāone anō hoki. Engari kāore e kitea i Minnesota, i hea atu rānei e tata ana ki te roto o Wobegone. Kei Texas a Pflugerville, tata ki te 15 maero ki te raki o Austin. Whakaarohia.

Me aroha ki ngā kaitiaki pukapuka!

Kua wehe atu rātou tā rātou kēmu … ki te kore pea kua mutu tā rātou mahi — nā te mea i ētahi wā ka rite ki te kore he tangata kei waho e mahi ana i te mahi paru, e kukume ana i ngā kaipahua. Kei te kōrero ahau mō te Pirihimana o te Reo.

Nga rangatira, ngā kaitōrangapū, ngā tohunga, ngā kaituhi, tae atu ki ngā rangatira New York Times — rātou katoa — kei te mawhiti i te kohuru wetereo.

Ko tenei i tae mai i tēnei rā. He āhua mārie, engari he tohu mō te hekenga ki raro ki te kore ture. E rua ngā "raka-ake" e tatauhia ana e au i te tīmatanga. Nō reira, me pānui tātou, me wetewete.

Kei te tū te hunga e whakarārangi ana mō te whai wāhitanga.

1. HE tāngata
Tuhinga: he maha ngā kupu "iwi", nō reira ka mea tātou, "Kei reira" ko tangata" "Kei reira rānei"'re "tēnei te iwi." Kāore mātou e kī ana, "He iwi" he "He iwi" rānei.

1. He're ngā pukapuka i roto i te whare pukapuka. — Kei reira's he pukapuka kei runga i te tepu.
2. He're ngā kiore i te parae. — Kei reira's he kiore i roto i te whare.
3. He're he tini ngā tāngata. — Kei reira's he tini ngā tāngata.

2. He tāngata kei reira
Āue anō: "ngā tāngata" he, āe … ngā tāngata, ā, e whakamahia ana e mātou nei ina kōrerotia ana te homo sapiens. Ko te kupu "that" me "which" e pā ana ki ngā mea.

1. Te tangata nei Nāku te pukapuka i homai ki ahau, ko taku whaea kēkē.
2. Ko te whaea keke nei i homai e ia ki ahau ko te pukapuka taku tino pai.
3. Nga tangata nei i aroha ahau ki te pānui i te pukapuka.
4. Ko nga mea nei He hoa aroha ōku ki te pukapuka.

Ko enei e rua he hara noa. Kia aro mai, ā, ka tīmata koe ki te kite i te auau o tō rongonga i te "there's" hei utu mō te "there's" … me te "that" hei utu mō te "who".

Te pai, kātahi. Me whakamātau anō tātou i te rerenga kōrero:

Kei te tū te hunga e rapu ana i te whai wāhitanga.

He pai ake koinei tēnei (ngana kia kaua e tīmata i tētahi rerenga kōrero ki te "there"):

Kua whakarārangihia te iwi kia whiwhi ai i te whai wāhitanga.

Kia pa ki a tatou, heoi anō: he mea nui rānei tētahi o ēnei mea? Ki ahau nei, he rite ki ngā maikuku i runga i te papa pango, engari i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mea … kāore au i te tino mōhio he mea nui.

*Āe! Anei tētahi atu kua tae mai: "He pānuitanga rapu āwhina kei ngā wāhi katoa." —1/11/2018

Kaua e mahi pāngarau (kāore e taea). Engari me mahi i te wetereo. (Mātakitaki i takahia e au te wetereo i konei nā te mea ka taea e au. He tino pai ahau…ka tukuna tonutia ahau e ngā pirihimana wetereo.)

Ki taku whakaaro i roto i te wetereo—arā, ko ngā ture mō te mārama o te whakapuakitanga—kia mārama ai ētahi atu ki tā tātou e ngana ana ki te kōrero.

Ahakoa ra, kotahi te ture wetereo me whakarere: ko te "m" i roto i te āhua tūturu o te kupu whakakapi "who" … koia ko "whom".

Ko taua m he mana kino, he whakapehapeha iti nei mai i ngā rā i te wā ko te reo Latina te sine qua non (tirohia "ngā turi o ngā pī") o te reo.

He rite tonu ki tērā atu ture wairangi mō te kore e mutu te rerenga kōrero me te kupu whakarite. Ā, e mōhio ana tātou katoa ki te take i puta ai tēnā: te kōrero rongonui a Winston, "HE MEA TĒNEI E KORE AU E WHAKAPUTA."

KO WAI WAI—Te whakamātautau

TĒNEI?     — Hoatu te tohu ki te TANGATA e tika ana mōna.
Ranei tenei?  — Hoatu te tohu ki te TANGATA e tika ana kia whakawhiwhia ki taua tohu.

TĒNEI?    — Hoatu te tohu ki te hunga e whakaaro ana koe he tika mōna.
Ranei tenei?  — Hoatu te tohu ki te hunga e whakaaro ana koe he tika mōna.

Ko wai / ko wai He nui rawa te whakanui i te pōrearea. Ka taea te whakatutuki i te māramatanga me te kore he reta iti whakararuraru. Ko wai? Ko wai? He mea nui? Kua mārama tātou ki te kaupapa.

Ngā whakautu
Pānuihia i runga i tō ake tūponotanga.

whakahoki:  Hoatu te tohu ki te TANGATA e tika ana mōna. 
"Ko wai" e kore te mea e kīia ana ko "ki." Engari, ko WAHO te kaupapa o tētahi kīanga whakawhirinaki, "ko wai e tika ana kia whiwhi." Ko te kīanga katoa te mea e kīia ana ko "ki". Hū!

whakahoki:  Hoatu te tohu ki te hunga e whakaaro ana koe he tika mōna. 
"Ko wai" e kore te mea o "ko wai e whakaaro ana koe...ko wai." Ko "ko wai e whakaaro ana koe" kei roto i ngā pareneti...ka taea e koe te tango katoa. Nō reira, ka noho te "ko wai" hei kupu whakakapi mō "ērā" me te kaupapa o te kīanga whanaunga "ko wai e tika ana kia whiwhi."

Tirohia te aha o taku korero? He nui te mangumangu i maringi ki runga i te mngāwari noa iho m!

He mea ngaro rawa ngā ture wetereo i tēnei wā. He rite ki te noho hei manuhiri i tētahi pāti tina a EDITH WHARTON i a koe e ngana ana ki te whakaaro i TE MAURA OYSTER… mai i te MAURA IKA… mai i te MAURA HUARĀKAU… mai i te MAURA REKA. He mea pai ake tā tātou katoa hei manukanuka.

No reira anei taku kaupapa whaiaro mō tētahi ao pai ake: kia PARA TE m i roto i a wai!

Āe, aua iwi Īnia-Pākehā nanakiaI te taha raki o ngā Moana Pango me ngā Moana Caspian, i te 4,000 tau ki muri, i runga i ngā whenua tarutaru o Ūrāhia, i te raki o ngā Moana Pango me ngā Moana Caspian, nā tēnei rōpū tāngata tawhito i homai te reo Pākehā ki a tātou—ehara i te mea ko to tatou engari tata ki te katoa o Ūropi me Īnia hoki.

Nā, me pēhea te reo i o tētahi iwi motuhake o ngā kaiawhina hipi haereere e whakahaere ana i tētahi rohe nui pēnei? Ko te whakautu he hōiho—me tētahi whakarerekētanga ira tangata.



Mahere nā Louis Henwood mō Te Hītori o te Podcast Ingarihi

He taketake ngā hōiho ki ngā mania o Ūropi, ā, i whakamahia e ngā tāngata Inia-Pākehā hei mīti—i te tīmatanga. Engari i kitea e tētahi tangata mātau (ā, toa) ka taea te eke hōiho, ā, ka whakamahia hei whāngai hipi me kau. I te eke hōiho, ka kitea e ngā tāngata Inia-Pākehā ka taea e rātou te whakatipu me te whakahaere i ngā kahui nunui, nunui hoki.

I kitea e tētahi atu wairua kanapa kaua e patu i te tini o ngā koati, o ngā hipi rānei hei kai, engari me waiho ētahi hei whakamahi i tā rātou miraka. He waimarie, i taurite taua whakaaro ki te horapa o tētahi ira hē—he whakarerekētanga ira i puta ai te lactase, te whākōkī e āhei ai te tangata ki te nakunaku i te miraka.

Nā te mea i tupu pai ai ngā kahui—pērā anō hoki ngā iwi, i nui haere te tokomaha me te rahi. Nā te pikinga ake o ngā kahui me ngā tāngata i kore ai e hiahiatia he whenua nui ake—ā, nō reira ka tīmata te haerenga ki te rawhiti ki Īnia me te hauauru ki Ūropi.


Mahere nā Louis Henwood mō Te Hītori o te Podcast Ingarihi

A, ki te he koe i arai i a rātou? Āe, he hōiho ā rātou—kāore i a koe—nō reira ka taea e koe te whakaaro ko wai i tae atu ki te whenua. Ahakoa rā, kāore ngā kaituhi hītori i te tino mōhio he rite te toa o ngā iwi Indo-European ki a rātou, mēnā i toa tonu rātou, i noho rangimārie rānei i ētahi wā. Ko te nuinga o ngā mea e rua pea.

Heoi anō i tupu, I te taenga mai o ngā tāngata Indo-Ūropi ki te whakahaere i ngā tāngata o ō rātou whenua hou. I horapa tonu tō rātou reo ki te rawhiti, ki te hauauru hoki mō ngā mano tau me ngā mano maero, ā, ka huri hei reo motuhake... ā, i te mutunga ka huri hei reo motuhake, tae atu ki ngā reo Tiamana o mua, te tūpuna o ō tātou ake.

He aha te tikanga o tēnei, He mea whakamiharo, i ēnei rā, e 50% o te taupori o te ao e kōrero ana i tētahi reo nō Indo-Ūropi—e 3 piriona tātou—nō tētahi iwi tawhito o ngā kaiawhina hipi haereere katoa!

* tenei—me te maha atu anō, he maha atu anō—kei te wātea i runga i te podcast whakamiharo a Kevin Stroud, Te Hītori o te Podcast IngarihiTēnā koa, whakapaua he wiki, he rua rānei (he marama, he rua rānei) ki te whakarongo ki ana wāhanga neke atu i te 50. He kaiwhakataki tino mārama a Stroud, ā, kua kohikohia e ia he hītori whakamīharo, taipitopito hoki mō te take o te āhua o tō tātou reo porangi, te reo Pākehā. Ki te aroha koe ki te hītori me te reo Pākehā, ka tino waranga koe. Ae, ko au.

Kia mōhio hoki ki ngā mapi ataahua e whakamahia ana e Stroud—e rua o ēnei kei konei. Nā Louis Henwood ēnei i hanga māna. Ngā mihi ki a Kevin rāua ko Louis mō tā rāua whakaaetanga kia whakamahia.

Āe, tirohia Ko Semiramis inaianei—kua nui atu tōna harikoa inaianei kua paku ahu whakamua koe i roto i tō mōhio ki te whakamahi i te irapiko.

Hei whakamahara panuku ki raro ki te pou o mua. Kia maumahara: ko te kaupapa matua o te tohu ira ko te hono i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua kahore mā te whakamahi i te piko me te hononga (ā, engari, rānei, nā reira, mō te kore, ahakoa).

I tā mātou akoranga whakamutunga, kei te whakamahi mātou i ngā tohukōpiko mā te ngā kupu hono—ngā kupu pēnei i te heoi anō, nō reira, ahakoa rā. Ka kiia ēnei ko ngā kupu hono WHAKAMĀRAMA.

—Ngā Kupukōrero me ngā Kupu Whakamārama—

He aha i whakamahia ai te tohu irakōna?
Kia maumahara: ka hono te irapiko i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua e pā ana.
Whakaarohia he huinga o te ira me te koma. Mātakitaki kei te tohu tētahi o ia mea—runga me raro. 

He aha te hononga?
Ko te kupu hono he kupu e "honohono ana," e hono ana rānei, i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua. Ngā kupu hono auau—ā, engari, nō reira, mō, kāore rānei, ahakoa—me whakamahi he KOMATA i mua i te hononga.

Tauira: I auau te kurī , a i whiowhio te ngeru.
Tauira: I auau te kurī , engari i tū pakari te ngeru.
Tauira: I auau te kurī , so i oma te ngeru.

He aha te hononga kupu whakahuahua?
Pērā i ngā hononga auau, ngā kupu hono kupu whakahuahua Honoa ngā rerenga kōrero e rua—engari me te tohu HĒMIKA i mua, me te tohu KOMA i muri. He "tautuhinga" ēnei nā te mea e whakaahua tika ana i te hononga o te rerenga tuarua ki te rerenga tuatahi—pērā i te whakaahuatanga a ngā tautuhinga i ngā kupumahi. Kei te mahara koe ki ngā tautuhinga?

-> I kai ia. I pēhea tana kai? I ata kai ia.
-> I waiata ia. Me pēhea tana waiata? I waiata nui ia.

Ētahi hononga kupu whakahuahua noa

hoki	Heoi	ahakoa
ahakoa	pono	ahakoa
no reira	hei utu	i teie nei
hopea	waihoki	kaore
atu	i muri nei	ka
atu ano	Ano hoki	no reira

Ngā Tauira—

• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; Heoi , ko ia i whakatau tonu kia haere.

Ko te kupu hono "heoi anō" e tohu ana kei te WHAKATAETAE te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero ki te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi...ahakoa or ahakoa or tonu.

__________

• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; no reira , kāore ia i haere.

Ko te kupu hono kupu "nō reira" e tohu ana ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero he WHAKATAUNGA nō te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi...hei hua or no reira.

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• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; atu ano , kāore ia i te pai te āhua.

Ko te kupu tāpiri kupu "furthermore" e tohu ana ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero he TĀPIRI ki te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi...hoki or Ano hoki.

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• I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; hei utu , i haere ia ki te whare pukapuka.

Ko te kupu hono kupu "engari" e tohu ana ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rerenga kōrero he HURINGA kē atu i te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi...Engari.

WHAKATŪPATO
Kaua e whakapoauau i ngā kupu tāpiri kupu ina whakamahia hei KUPU WHAKATAU. Kia mōhio koe, i roto i ngā rerenga e whai ake nei, kua whakakorea ēnei e te KOMA. Kāore he tohukōma e kitea ana.

• I tino makariri rawa, Heoi, mō te kēmu.
• Heoi, he makariri rawa mō te kēmu.

Ko te kupu "Heoi anō" he kupu WHAKATAU - ehara i te kupu hono - nā te mea kotahi anake te rerenga kōrero i konei (S + V): "I"...

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• Kāore ia i pena, no reira, e hiahia ana ki te haere ki te kēmu.
•Na reira, kāore ia i hiahia ki te haere ki te kēmu.

"Nō reira" he mahi WHAKATAURANGA—ehara i te hononga kupu whakahuahua—nā te mea kotahi anake te rerenga kōrero i konei (S + V): "Kāore ia i hiahia"...

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• I tua atu, kāore ia i te pai te āhua.

Ko te kupu "Tāpiri atu" he kupu WHAKATAU - ehara i te kupu hono kupu - nā te mea kotahi anake te rerenga kōrero i konei (S + V): "Kāore ia i (kāore) i rongo"...

E te iwi...! He aha te hē o tōu? Kāore anō kia pēnei te tokomaha i te mārama ki tētahi SQUIGGLE noa iho i runga i tētahi whārangi.

Kia tūtaki ki a Semiramis, te rangatira toa o Ahiria, te rangatira o te tohu piko. Kei konei ia hei ĀWHINA i a koe. E kore koe e whakakahore i a ia.

Kia mau te whakapono. Mā te iti o te tohutohu, ka taea hoki e koe te matatau ki te SEMICOLON—arā, ka taea e koe te mau i te kākahu me te mau i te taitara "Semiramis o te Semicolon." (Kāore i roto te tao.)

     —Ngā Kōpiko-ira—

He aha i whakamahia ai te tohu irakōna?
Ka hono te irapiko i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua.
Whakaarohia he huinga o te ira me te koma. Mātakitaki kei te tohu tētahi o ia mea—runga me raro. 

He aha e kore ai e whakamahia he koma?
He ngoikore te koma, e 90-pauna te taumaha. He ngoikore rawa. kāore e taea te whakakotahi i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua.
Ki te whakamahia e koe tētahi, kua raru koe i te hononga piko iti.

He aha e kore ai e whakamahia he paheketanga?
Ka taea e koe. Whakamahia he tohuwā hei whakamutu i te rerenga tuatahi. Kātahi ka tīmata i te rerenga tuarua.

He ngoikore rawa te piko .  Kāore e taea te pupuri i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua kia kotahi.

Āhea koe e whakamahi ai i te tohu ira-piko?
I ētahi wā ka hiahia koe ki te hono i ngā whakaaro—e rua ngā rerenga kōrero e pā ana tetahi ki tetahi. Mēnā ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tohukōpiko.

He ngoikore rawa te piko ; kāore e taea te whakakotahi i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua.
He kaha te tohukōroni ; it taea pupuri i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua kia kotahi.

He aha te rerenga korero?
He whakaaro katoa te rerenga kōrero. Mā te tohu ira ka mutu taua whakaaro. Mā te tohu ira ka taea te whakawhānui i te whakaaro—mā te hono atu ki tētahi atu katoa engari e pā ana whakaaro.


Kia mahara-
Me rua ngā rerenga kōrero katoa hei whakamahi i te tohukōro —  S + V ki maui  ;   S + V kei te taha matau.

tauira—e rua āu whakaaro (e pā ana)...
whakamahi 2 rerenga kōrero -> me te wā:
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu . I whakatau ia kia kaua e haere.

whakamahi 1 Tuhinga -> me te tohukōro:
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; kāore ia i haere.
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tauira—e rua āu whakaaro (e pā ana)...
whakamahi 2 rerenga kōrero -> me te wā:
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu . Heoi anō, i whakatau ia kia haere tonu.

whakamahi 1 Tuhinga -> me te tohukōro:
    • He makariri rawa, kāore i taea te pārekareka ki te kēmu ; heoi anō, i whakatau ia kia haere tonu.

Kaore koe me whakamahi i te tohukōpiko hei whakakotahi i ngā rerenga kōrero e rua. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i te hononga taketake — ā, engari, nō reira, mō, kāore rānei, kāore anō — always (tonu, tonu) me te piko.
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu , so kāore ia i haere.
    • He makariri rawa, kāore i taea te pārekareka ki te kēmu , engari engari i whakatau ia kia haere tonu.
    • I tino makariri rawa ki te pārekareka ki te kēmu , a kāore ia i pai ki te haere.

Ehara i te mea ngaro He uaua te ako i te reo Pākehā. Ko ētahi o ēnei he mea e pā ana ki ngā oro rite me ngā oro rerekē. Kua pārekareka kē tātou ki ngā kupu he rite te tangi engari he rerekē te tuhi me te tikanga.-homofona, pērā i te tahanga me te pea.

Tenei wa kei a matou ngā heterophones—mohiotia ano ko he ingoa ingoa—ngā kupu he rite te āhua engari he rerekē te whakapuakitanga me te tikanga.

Kāore ianei koe e ♥ Kupu noa iho?
     —Ngā Heterophone—

1. Clara patunga he takai huri noa i tōna patunga.
   
   
2. katoa tau ka tipu ake tōku hinengaro tau.
   
   
3. Kua kī te putunga. Aroha mai, me mahi tātou whakakore koutou whakakore.
   
   
4. Kaua e koraha ahau i roto i te koraha.
   
   
5. I ohorere, te kūkupa kūkupa ki roto i ngā rakau.
   
   
6. He kino, engari kāore au ahanoa ki te ahanoa.
   
   
7. Kāore he wā pērā i te hakari Tuhinga o mua hakari he whakaaro pai.
   
   
8. He haupae mo te pehea haupae.
   
   
9. I pērā anō hoki ia tata Tuhinga o mua tata te tatau.
   
   
10. He tia ataahua e rite ki tana e.

He maha ngā kupu takirua me ngā tikanga rerekē. Ko ētahi he rite te tuhi engari he rerekē te tangi (koraha/koraha) ... ko ētahi he rite te tangi engari he rerekē te tuhi (ore/oar/or). Whakamātauria ētahi māu ake. He kēmu ngahau tēnei mā ngā karapu pukapuka... mā ngā tohunga kupu rānei.